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For boat owners

Warning. This blog

s ur the general characteristics of sailboats is certainly incomplete and is updated when we have the opportunity . if you do not find what you're looking for, check back there regularly.

N feel free to send us your reviews and your comments, and report any errors. And do not forget to see the sheets on our sailboat other blogs. For now,
" Tall Ships 3, 4 and 5 masts "
beginning to be fleshed out, follow the forms of" two masted sailing "and" a sailing mast. Different boats are classified in the menu, in alphabetical order.
You can also switch by the site
" Tradboats, traditional sailing "
in which vessels are classified by categories.

The blog provides information on tall ships and traditional sailing : these sailboats are often called "tall ships" , a term we dislike because many of them are new and the old term seems pejorative, for boats often magnificent. The modern sailboats will also not left out, including racing yachts, often very dramatic.
Note also that when we talk about old rigs, they forget an essential part, which makes the boat float and advances: the hull . And if we can recognize a boat off to his rig, the hull (or hulls) can name the boat when it approaches a bit.

be found:
- In a first step, generalities on sailboats : how to discover and understand details that allow them to recognize depending hull, rigging their and their sails ; see where ; what were their uses past and what is done today, so ... The photos show details, which are described under the photo, but you can often see other interesting details, sometimes described elsewhere in this chapter or another chapter. We leave the reader to discover and thus to complete his knowledge.

menu below cons can quickly find the desired topic. We may note repetitions of one page to another, it can be to correct errors, but often wanted to help find information without leaving the page . links will be established between the various headings, but not everything can be done at once ....

- The Galeri are photos showing the raising of boats Rouen, Brest, Douarnenez, Gulf of Morbihan Mediterranean (Cannes, Saint Tropez), and many others.

- The cards with photos and personal information (size, history) on a number of sailboats (coming soon: more than 600 sheets are being prepared and will be online during the coming months, see note at the beginning of this article).

The photos , reduced to be sent over the Internet are protected by copyright © (as well as the text that we certify original) ; Any use other than personal is prohibited without our permission. On request we can send you the original pictures under conditions to be defined (exchanges of pictures, items paid for, etc.).

Just click on each photo to enlarge.

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Owners or managers of ships, hello and welcome to this blog.

The data contained in this blog are often from different books and journals Or internal sites t organizers of regattas and maritime festivals. But as far as possible, data considered are from the websites cited boats. As for

photos, they were all taken by ourselves, at gatherings open to the public in ports or at meetings at sea does not seem that they are confidential .

However, you may want not only the names and characteristics of your boat is mentioned on this blog, a photo is published on the, or that the link on your own website is maintained. In this case, send us a message and we will delete the data you immediately feel unwanted.

By cons, if you enjoy this blog, if you think it might make you know more, you get customers or new members to the association, we would be very happy; and you would be nice to make it known on your own website.
Feel free to send us comments and correct errors you might find, but be indulgent: Remember that the work is far from over ...

If your boat has been lost, report it as . And if you find that it is not represented by photographs of sufficient quality, we would be glad to receive others and publish them with your permission.

Anyway, favorable or unfavorable, your feedback is eagerly awaited and we thank you in advance.

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Yachts today

More no boat is used by commercial fishermen, at least in industrialized countries. No naval vessel is operating a sailboat. Similarly, most no boat carrying more cargo sailing (sailing modern tests have been made without imitating ...). The only commercial boats are sailing passenger vessels.

Most yachts belonging to individuals are plastic (sometimes aluminum alloy or steel for larger units) and the majority of rigs are Bermuda, with a mainsail and a triangular sail, their figures are quite similar ... However, there are many yachts traditional wooden both old and restored, and modern (often mass produced, such as sailing and rowing boats)

Among the other yachts, whether or restored old boats new boats, and whatever of their past activity can be distinguished:

- Luxury Yachts for passengers: they are similar to motor ship. The crew (including a large staff of service) has been serving passengers who do not participate in the operation of the ship. Apart from a few large ships sailing ( Royal Clipper, Star Flyer ...) and many Dutch units, this system is not very common (note, in France, the Ponant , for example) and it is expensive for passengers, their number per boat is much smaller than the ships motor .

- The real sailing school : those belonging to a Navy require strict discipline, since they are training. The maneuvers are very quickly on large ships, all the sails are reefed and set simultaneously, as in the days of fighting sail. These luxury vessels represent their country abroad during individual visits, gatherings of tall ships as the armadas of Rouen and celebrations of Brest-Douarnenez, they also participate in races of tall ships, like the Tall Ship Race (formerly known as Cutty Sark-race). Examples: Sagres Portuguese the American Eagle, the Cuauthemoc Mexican or French Belle Poule.
Some countries also have sailboats application Shipping for ; example the Sedov Russian.
Others belong to organizations belonging to the STA (Sail Training Association) have a comparable, more flexible though. Apprentices ( trainees, trainees English) intending often in professions related to navigation (or merchant navy). Example: the Alexander Von Humboldt , the Stavros Niarchos, etc. .

- The sailboats for sailing museum. Led by professional crews, they often admit paying passengers, which fit more or less to the crew. One of the best examples is probably the Endeavour, a replica of Cook's ship.

- The sailboats cruise passenger active : is the case with many yachts medium or large: the passengers are " trainees " ( trainees, in English, as on previous sailing) involved in the life of the vessel (maneuver, navigation, routine maintenance, cooking, etc.) in their capabilities and knowledge (eg the Belem). The service staff is minimal (often only a cook). Professional sailors and crew pay part of the same crew, the time of an outlet or a cruise, new links can create. Although marine professionals can handle alone, the ship, the "hand made by the trainees can lighten their task, at least shoot tips.
In some cases, passengers can register individually or so a group already formed (charter) . Some boats supporting contacts between people in need and those "without problem", playing an effective role in rehabilitation (ships of the Father Jaouen, as Bel Espoir, for example). Others, like the English Lord Nelson and Tenacious , are handicapped . The largest of these ships belong to a foundation ( Belem, Lord Nelson ) , a weapons ( Star Marine which manages Mullein Star, Star of France , etc ...), a city ( Brest has The Recouvrance ) . The boss boats means may be an employee, but is often owner ( Nebula, Sant C'hireg , Bro Warok ; many sailboats English , German or Dutch, sometimes grouped into "companies" as Frisian sailing).

- Yachts associations are generally medium or small. Those of average size require a professional crew of one or two sailors, but small merely competent boaters. The outputs of these boats are available to members of associations that manage them, as far as availability. They are also active members that provide routine maintenance and minor repairs, but require major work, on a wooden boat, the presence of a professional carpenter. The examples Cancalaise, Pauline , Walk With , etc. ...

- The private yachts are the most numerous among the small boats. Many luxury yachts are also private boats.

- Some boats too tired to navigate or whose total rehabilitation would be too costly, are kept museum, either in dry dock (eg Victory in Portsmouth, the -Cutty Sark London), or afloat. They can then be visited. Some are transformed into restaurants, like Moshulu in Philadelphia. Others were built as a museum and are not qualified for real shipping (Dutch sailing like Amsterdam or Prinz Willem : this is also likely the fate of the Hermione .)
smaller boats are turned into residential fixed (houseboats). Number beautiful sailboats finished their career as well, before being abandoned. Some, like Mariquita Have been saved in extremis.

Finally, some ships under construction are used as museums or shows are old techniques, this is the case of Hermione at Rochefort or Hafen Batavia in Lelystad in the Netherlands (you can see Batavia, finished, and Zeven Provincien under construction), or the Musée du Port Rhu to Douarnenez (built there in 2009, a replica of a lobster).

can also clarify some old work boats (or replicas) are engaged in reconstructions techniques when they worked (troll fishery, trawl fishery, fishing dredge, or revival of loading and unloading of goods at parties). But it still leisure activities.

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Note on the transformation of a boat.
It is important to note that a boat can change activity and an old boat may have had "several lives ". It may have been long-haul cargo and fishing vessels and yachts.
And many old ships have r eceived a small engine (or steam), then had their wings to reduce and ended up losing and were re-engined , with gear more powerful, it has added to their figure of a linkage of deckhouse, superstructures certainly giving them comfort, but also unsightly.
And then, becoming too old, too expensive to maintain, they have been abandoned ... until the day enthusiasts have rediscovered in the state of wrecks on the mudflats of an estuary or harbor bottom. He bailed out, rescued, and made of beautiful sailing again, and sometimes identical to the original, sometimes different, often embellished, sometimes modified so fanciful. And sometimes old motor boats have been converted into yachts , with varying degrees of success. But, after all, is it not essential to navigate?
But some boats were damaged too to be restored, a solution is possible, the reconstruction which retains some original features but is to achieve a nearly new boat. When there is a single reusable component, or when the boat is gone but he still plans, we can build a new boat, identical to the original: this is called a replica .

When talk of a boat, so if you specify it's a boat that has retained its original appearance (with minor exceptions), it was profoundly changed , if been rebuilt or if it is a replica .

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Where can we see big v Oili and of v o iliers traditional?
Some tall ships, converted into mu Sée (or, sometimes, in restaurants) are not moving and therefore easy to locate, for example, the Duchess Anne to Dunkirk;

the to Oostende Mercator ;

the Cutty Sark to Gre enwich (London) ; the Pa ss at Lübeck-Travemünde to ; the Rickmer Rickmers Hamburg to And the P ommern to Mariehamn (Aland Islands, Finl ande), the S uomen Joutsen (former French freighter Laënnec) to Helsinki ; the Viking and to Gothenburg Gothenburg ; The Don Fernando e Gloria to Lisbon, the Moshulu (restored ant) to Philadelphia ; the Balclutha at San Francisco ; the Baltimore at Constellation ;


the Constitution to Boston, the former Nippon Maru to Yokohama ... by not mentioning that some of the most famous.

There are also museums -ports, which rasse mblent a number of interesting boats: boats or old, plus or m oi ns restored, or replicas, sometimes able to navigate. New boats are sometimes under construction. One can cite in France Port Rhu, Douarnenez .
At Rochefort, a site visit of the frigate Hermione , nearing completion, is required (c elow, an image of the site in September 2007)



In England, the port of Portsmouth museum collects including Victory and Warrior ;

The Netherlands has many interesting museums to with Lelystad, including, Batavia ) ,


Amsterdam (with the ship Amsterdam, pictured below)

and Den Helder (with Prins Willem before July 2009; then burned the ship and we do not know if it will be rebuilt or replaced);

USA, Mystic Seaport (with the three-masted Joseph Conrad ) is a model. There is also the South Street Museum in New York , with Peki ng and Wavertree.

was likely to see aut res boats in their homeport (mentioned in the description of each boat) especially during the wintering period, and around this port. It is almost certain even for small s ba Castles in limited range.

But above a certain size, here i ers n Avig uent more or less far, so we can see in many harbors. In France p o sit ions ports like Brest, Camaret or Douarnenez at the forefront of Britain , that i do ls s Erven t quite frequently of es e scales.
The major regattas as spinnaker West -France in La Trinité sur Mer, and s departures offshore races (loungers, Vendee Globe ) attiren t s traditional sailing embarking passengers (often in charter). And beats waters e race modern interesting too!
(below the Star of France, and La Belle Angele Recouvrance assist the barbershop at the start of the transatlantic double, leaving for the West Indies Concarneau)

The best opportunities are however r assemble of tall ships and traditional sailing , as well as c bear s at xquelles these vessels participate.

Celebrations Maritime Brest and Douarnenez : every four years since 1992 (then: 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008, the next in 2012), about 2000 vessels of all types and of all sizes align Br is to July 10 for a wonderful event that lasts several days with visits by ships at berth, parades and races, entertainment on the quay.

And, to July 17, the fleet left Brest to join Douarnenez in a special naval parade.

The celebration continues for some days, a little less grandiose but at least as nice and friendly.




Brest 1992 was an opportunity to organize c ontest boats coast of France . If the renewed interest of French sailors, including Breton, began in the late 1970s, the competition has attracted the construction of numerous aftershocks.

Alternately, port D ouarnenez organic nor is every 2 years a party a little more modest, without the participation of Brest, the first held in 1986 and the last in 2010 . Previously, a prelude to these events festivals were held in Brest, in Porz-Beach (1980, 1982, 1984). At the same time was born and grew up a magazine that has contributed greatly to the development of these festivals and revival of maritime culture in France (and especially in Britain). This review is the Tidehunter source of inspiration for the author of this website (thank you for this great review).


Rouen organizes every 5 years (in principle), also in July, a spectacular gathering of tall ships, which will join warships (called "white boats" ) Armada the Lib Erté was launched in 1989 to commemorate the 200 th anniversary of the French Revolution. Then there was 1994, a 999 , 2003 (the date forward by one year to avoid interference Brest with 2004), in 2008 , Armada took place a few days before Brest but the 2 parties were somewhat hampered each other. The next

should normally take place in 2013.
Armada has ends with a parade during which the ship down the Seine, majestically wk ent but are spaced enough for security reasons.







Since 2001, the Gulf of Morb ih year is in May (weekend Ascension ) witnessed a biennial gathering of traditional boats (then 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2009); The boats are in the many Gulf ports. Some tall ships are also participating. This Week Gulf ends with a grand parade in which the boats out of the Gulf, and then returning them grouped. Appointment in June 2011 ...


Amsterdam was probably the first European city to hold large gatherings periodicals: Sail Amsterda m held every 5 years since 1975 . The last edition took place in 2010, from August 19 to 23. Twenty tall ships and traditional sailing many were present.

Every year since 1991 , the German city of Rostock organizing a superb gathering of tall ships and traditional sailing Sea Baltic and North Sea. This gathering is called Hansa Rostock s garlic, because the city was part of the Hanseatic League (an association of commercial ports in northern Europe ). In 2009 the festival runs from August 5 to 9.

USA, New York is the first port to have organized parades of tall ships, long before the craze of the past 25 years: what are the Opsails (operations sails). these dramatic events took place in 196 4, 1976 in for bicentenary of the proclamation of independence ; in 198 6 for centennial of the Statue of Liberty ; in 1992 (Columbus race) for the 500 th has nniversaire the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 2000 for millennium.


Rallies smaller, but still interesting, are organized in other ports, at various intervals, one can cite, France: Paimpol (Feast of the sailors' song); Ploumanac'h ; Con flue ; Boulogne-sur-mer , etc..











The Friendship Highway is a cruise made c munis in the south of Brittany and the Vendee, by of traditional yachts and modern sailing .


Columbia In Cornwall, years ODD res at the end of June, held regattas Looe, which involved mostly luggers of this pretty port.


For Netherlands, the traditional sailing regattas are very frequent during the summer.





The Tall Ships Race ( Tallship ) are spectacular events. The most famous of these races, Tallship's race, formerly called C u tty-Sa rk r ace, and it took its name from the famous three- poles kept in London, and was sponsored by the maker of whiskey of the same name. It is a stage race, which has several times stopped in France, including Bo rde to x (1990) , Saint-Malo (1994, 1999, 2006), Brest (2002), Cherbourg (2005) and Toulon (2007). ships are grouped into three classes (A, B and C) according to their rig and their length. Part of the crew shall be comprised of youth under age 25.


In 2009, two races will be held: one in Baltic, the other across the Atlantic ( Atlantic Challenge : Vigo-Bermuda-Charleston-Boston-Belfast ). No stop is planned French until 2011.

The racing yachts , called "tradition" or "be Miss Pleasure" are also interesting, even if the typical person can not touch that eyes (that's not bad, after all) and in France, one can for example see The Trinidad sea at Bénodet or Noirmoutier (regattas Bois de la Chaize ). But certainly the most spectacular are those with the most beautiful yachts in the Mediterranean , including the series of races ending in early autumn, by sails St. Tropez ( formerly known as the Nioulargue ). They are preceded by Royal Regatta Cannes , so called because they were founded by the King of Denmark . Between Cannes and Saint Tropez , regatta binding offer a beautiful sight, in an exceptional setting.


Before Cannes, there is still the week Monaco , and several races in Italy . The same yachts cross the Atlantic then to participate in winter racing in the Caribbean example to weeks Antigua .

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The past and current uses of Sail: Introduction

When was the use of sailboats ? several thousands of years probably, the first had to be a simple tree trunk or a raft, which was hung a simple piece of cloth.
But we mainly focus on the last 6 centuries, which left us with boats that can still navigate, or at least enough detail to enable plans to make accurate reconstructions.
can be distinguished mainly sailboats fight, sailboats transportation, yachts fishing, sailboats bondage and leisure yachts .

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Yachts war e and combat

They disappeared in the mid-nineteenth century, With a few small units (sloops, coastguards, for example.

Too small, too slow and too fragile, they will gradually give way to powered vessels Joint (sail and steam), then ship Steam, too heavy to be propelled by sails: battleships, for example.)

Gradually, the supply of fuel has steadily become a problem, thanks to the emergence of supply ships (which are , them stayed longer sailboats: it was not logical that they consume a significant portion of coal transported).

One of the vessels representing the end of warships sailing is the battleship HMS Warrior visible in Portsmouth (photo below ) : big, heavy ship already heavily veiled but equipped with machines that enable performance as important as the veil. The propulsion of the vessel would only have to sail, but never in combat. But this battleship has never had to fight with England finally made peace with France (it was the Entente Cordiale). It was a bit at the time, the equivalent forces current nuclear deterrent. However, HMS Warrior has inspired the development of powerful ships of the First and the Second World War. They have had them terribly destructive effects.

Before this "monster", the warships were made of wood, the largest fought by following "the tail-leu-leu "so we talked about buildings line . 2 enemy lines followed paths more or less parallel, or diverging, or converging, the strategically. He was then to destroy the enemy with cannon, usually fired by lined (all cannons on one side pulling together). Very little directional, or no, the big guns were completely ineffective against a target that was not abeam. Only small guns (carronades) located on the upper deck were adjustable, but with range and destructive power limited.

Larger ships, vessels senior as Victory (Also museum in Portsmouth), were armed with a hundred guns spread over 3 decks. These guns were classified by size of the balls thrown (12 to 32 pounds). The wing was of a three-masted, much less divided than that of a three-masted 20th century, his maneuver required a very large number of topmen because he had, in addition, set all sails same time. Below is a photo of the Victory at Portsmouth in 2002.

The training ship Italian Amerigo Vespucci has a silhouette that recalls the great vessels of the 19th century, he remains not a single copy and was built in 1931, steel, using methods obviously more modern than century ago.

3 masts square rigged as ships, frigates were thinner and the guns were split on one pont.Le three-masted American Rose is a fine example of a frigate. Hermione, being built in Rochefort, is also a frigate.

The Grand Turk is a replica of a British frigate in 1841.

Even smaller, corvettes were also rigged with 3 square headlights. The beautiful little Russian frigate Shtandart , répliqe from that designed by Tsar Peter the Great, might rather be seen as a corvette.

Note that the current ranks of naval officers are still based on these types of vessels: ship's captain, Commander, Commander.

Smaller still, the bricks were only two masts, rigged with square headlights. The brick school Royalist is built on the model of the brigs of war (but the superstructures are those a training ship).

The war schooners were fast and more maneuverable than larger boats. They were used as couriers, boats and patrol boats on (coastguard, avisos). This is the case The Recouvrance , a replica gunboat used to track the slave ships.

HMS Pickle was a courier who became famous Trafalgar in relation to England the announcement of victory, and death of Admiral Nelson. The photo below shows Elena Maria Barbera , a replica of the schooner built Petrovadodsk (Russia) in 1995. English and become renamed Sting , the schooner is one of a series of five almost identical yachts.

As for Baltimore Clippers, whose replica is Pride of Baltimore they dared to attack British ships much larger than that them, during the War of Independence.

Finally, we can not discuss the warships while forgetting privateers, who practiced (their name suggests) the war of race, pursuing and capturing the enemy vessel. It was sunk when it showed no interest, or recovered with its cargo. Privateers were obviously faster boats than the average: frigates, corvettes, schooners and cutters. The last ship of Robert Surcouf was a topsail cutter named The Fox : his reply is now maviguant emblem of the city of Saint Malo. The units were privateers sometimes ships built by them, sometimes captured ships.

The pirates had roughly the same techniques as the corsairs. But they were off-the-law everywhere, while the pirates had the protection of the sovereign of their country, they were rich and honored. But they could very well be regarded as pirates by the enemy country ...

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Boats Commercial: ships "passenger"

Nowadays, all the yachts that sail professionally role is to transport passengers , that or the luxury liners, yachts, private schools or small boats that carry customers to the islands ...

But until the early twentieth century, rarely traveled for pleasure. Passengers were most often emigrants, who left the poverty of their country European to settle in America, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, etc. ... in short, in all regions that European countries want to colonize. City of Adelaide , now a wreck in Scotland (and perhaps already demolished) carried thousands of emigrants in Australia for 23 years, he could also be sentenced to of the exile, or convicts. Edwin Fox, now a wreck in New Zealand, is the last representative of this type of vessel.

The conditions were difficult : promiscuity, lack of hygiene and healthy food, confinement in the hold, marine hazards ...
An example of emigrant ship was restored by the Irish: it Jeanie Johnston . This one had a good reputation as comfortable as could be expected around 1850, very seaworthy, he never lost anyone: Normal that the Irish have chosen this model to build their most beautiful yacht.


Another example is the Americans Kalmar Nyckel, a replica of a Swedish transport of emigrants of 1637, or Mayflower.


Even worse were the conditions of transport of captured Africans to serve as slaves. Notorious, malnourished, they could not all at the end of the journey on these slave ships who brings shame many European ports (Nantes and Bordeaux, for example, France): The conditions were just horrible. Slave ships were also used as cargo ships, as they related to American food (sugar, fruit).

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Yachts trade long-course

Yachts trade the we g- rate: transport market Andis.

Long-haul were large ships capable of facing any kind of time (usually because many of them were lost).

The "kings" of these long-haul flights were Cape Horners , so named because they faced the hardest course in the world, Cape Horn. They made great sailing around the world, from Europe or eastern North America, following the prevailing winds in the Southern Hemisphere, so from west to east. They traded with Australia, to transport wheat or west coast of South America: Chile and Peru, they brought nitrates for weapons (explosives) and agriculture (fertilizer). Some went to California, where their crews abandoned them (Oh, the gold fever!). All
Cape Horners do not follow the prevailing winds in the direction favorable to some, especially those who were on the west coast of America, dared to face the Cape Horn in the wrong direction. With any luck it happened, but some boats have weeks to go from the Atlantic in the Pacific ...
crews longhaul were generally excellent marine vessel capable of carrying them quickly and in small numbers. But it happened that the owners are struggling to find skilled and well trained crews, especially during the gold rush. They then recruited anyone with questionable methods. Removed dead drunk in taverns, these poor people (sometimes thugs) called sha Ngaï és found themselves on board without knowing anything about the complex workings of a tall ship: They should then be controlled by methods more or less questionable, the captain being "master on board after God."
But when the crew was good, these ships were successful performances that have been exceeded only by ships of modern racing past 40 years. Honor those runners off: even if they are not carrying anything, they sail in the same spirit as the sailors of the 19th and 20th century, the goal is always to go as quickly as possible, while reducing the boat in good condition. Because there is no point to go faster if it is to be wrecked ...

The Cape Horners were often four e-masted . The Sedov (former VINNEN Magdalene) and the Kruzenshtern (former Padua) are good examples, which were still sailing.


Some were three-masted, square or boats, none is more seaworthy.
All these vessels were between 80 m and 110 m in length.

Other long-haul fetched wool in Australia or the tea in China and Japan: lightweight materials and value, carried by the three-masted faster than 50 m to 80 m. the Clippers. Cutty Sark - is a good example, preserved as a museum in London. Stad Amsterdam Cisne Branco and are superb replica clipper ships, built in Holland. Another rejoinder Paulista, was almost built at Douarnenez but the project failed for lack of money.


Smaller freighters were generally transatlantic . One of the finest examples is still sailing Belem, described as Caribbean as it traded with the West Indies, but he was also in Brazil.


note that these vessels were preceded, the fifteenth to the eighteenth century, by exploration vessels, which were heavily armed, were seen the dangers they may encounter: Marine enemy privateers, pirates, etc. ... Replicas of these boats were built: the caravels of Christopher Columbus, The Matthew Johan Cabot, the galleon Golden Hinde , the 'Endeavour James Cook, or the Bounty .


Once explored parts of the world were connected to Europe by commercial lines more or less regular basis: this was the case of North America and Far East, with several "Indian companies" (Dutch and French in particular). the Batavia and Amsterdam are d e beautiful replicas of vessels company Dutch Indies (VO C) of 17 th and 18 th century. The Prins Willim was another and it was destroyed by fire in 2009. The Zeven Provincien is under construction Lelystad.

It was at the same time powerful warships because their cargoes attracted much envy and they participated in the wars of colonization. Their enemies were not only the peoples who were defending their independence, but also all the Western countries eager for conquest. Between Dutch, English, French, English, Portuguese, fighting was fierce and frequent wars! not forget the inevitable hackers, for whom the heavy galleons and ships were easy prey if they were not sufficiently armed.


The long-haul were replaced by cargo ships to steam reciprocating engines and steam turbine and diesel. First, in the late 19th century, low self-fuel (coal) and freshwater fumes made it even competitive sailing. the boats were even significantly faster in the breeze, but obviously they were disabled in the calm, especially in anticyclones (Azores, St. Helena) and the pot-au-black. And then, the autonomy of motorized boats, low cost labor (no need topmen) and rigging (no need for running rigging, very sensitive to wear; rigging reduced or zero) have made less attractive yachts for owners, less and less profitable.
The size and complexity of long-haul made them difficult to convert them back to motorized vessels, moreover, their thin forms gave them a capacity much lower than the vapors chubby: tall ships have so completely disappeared, with the except those who were lucky enough to be converted into sailing school.