Famous Players Ottawa

rigging and fittings (3)

The running rigging and fittings.

LC'est all lines used to manipulate the sails : halyards to hoist; plays for border; vang to hold the boom down, etc.. The runners can be considered as running rigging.
These ropes are sometimes steel , including halyards of the great vessels; most often they are cloth.

Some ropes on some small boats, go straight to the point of a sail or spar into the hands of the crew, who sometimes keeps constantly on hand: it is sometimes the case jib sheets of small dinghies.
But almost always ropes turned around hardware accessories that allow to temporarily immobilize the extremity: these are mostly bitts, cleats of and toggles. nodes must be made so as to effectively block the rope, though it can be quickly dropped. These turning points are many and varied aboard sailboats.

Two bollards on Belem, and how to turn rope.

The fittings of the forecastle of Amerigo Vespucci : the hawsers port are turned on bollards; They go through a fairlead (you can see the starboard fairlead symmetric), they pass over the bridges that prevent them from rubbing on the deck.

Similar bollards, views closer.

A fairlead is used to guide the ropes. Above, a beautiful fairlead on the Amerigo Vespucci .

The hawsers of Hasvörnen pass over fairleads in stainless steel, then turned on cleats.

Detail chocks of Hasvörnen .

Above, rope cleat is rotated on a wooden yacht Brynhild.

cleats are numerous on the deck of the yacht Tuiga .

Above painted yellow tabs on the bulwarks of a boat Catalan.

On the Dundee Nebula, this strong wood cleat is used to turn a jib sheet.

These cleats "Mouth" from Nebula, located at the main mast shrouds, halyards used to rotate, they pass around sheaves placed in the bottom of the cleats.

Detail of previous photo, showing the disposition of 2 tabs.
The racing yachts use different types of cleats : jaws spring or lever block the rope and prevent it from resuming slack.

The cockpit of a dragon , for example, is equipped with many nuts.

On ships, even on smaller boats as below, the toggles are placed vertically in the holes of wooden racks called . These racks are on the inside of the bulwark or foot masts.

This view of the cutter Enez Koalen shows cleats, used for mooring, 2 on the flat side (foreground) and a front mast. On either side of the mast, racks carry toggles for turning the ropes.

Above, one of the racks Belem. Note on the bulwarks, sheaves through which pass the ropes before being shot on the toggles.
On three masts Mexican Cuauthemoc this rack and toggles, used to spin the furled, are dominated by the huge turnbuckles stays.

Above, a rack-foot mast of the Amerigo Vespucci .

ropes do not generally follow a straight path, it is necessary that the force exerted by the spar or sail the lowest possible: it reduces the diameter of the rope and the crew has less efforts to do so. For this, we need point of reference. In the simplest cases, these are holes (in the mast or spar wood) whose walls are rounded to minimize wear.

There may also fairleads (tubes or rings with rounded edges).
The hole in the spar, mast or other part of the vessel can be equipped with a sheave : the rope passes through the throat of the wheel and there is very little friction.

Above details sheaves beneath a rack of Amerigo Vespucci.

Yachts, until the eighteenth century, were often decorated. Above the Batavia, these two blocks of wood decorated with human heads, contain sheaves. Also note the pulley estropée on the right bottom of the picture. This is taken towards the stern.

Often, the reference is provided by a pulley, block of wood or plastic or metal frame fitted with a sheave (pulley only) or 2 or 3 independent reinsurance. There may be several hundreds of pulleys on a large ship. They are attached to the deck, the bulwarks on the masts, spars on ... They may be fixed by a ring or shackle, sometimes through a bracket used to remove the pulley.

Above, a single block at the bow of the yacht Tuiga .

Above, a triple pulley hoist the mainsail of the yacht Partridge. It is estropée is to say, surrounded by a rope used to hang the mistletoe.

These pulleys are replicas of those of the seventeenth century can be seen on the Dutch ship Batavia .

These pulleys high-tech copper alloy resembling equip the Shamrock J Class .

Some blocks may be associated with 2 or more to form a hoist. A hoist reduces the force exerted on the rope. But if this force is divided by 2 for example, the length of rope to maneuver is multiplied by 2.
On almost all sailboats horn, there is a hoist of mainsheet . Other hoists used for hoisting the encornat horn, as well as its peak.

Above the Horn of mainsail the cutter Cape Sizun : we see the two hoists used for hoisting: hoist halyard encornat along the mast, and hoist peak.

listening The hoist the mainsail can be attached to the deck or bulwark by a high hill, or through a metal bar.

This photo shows how the mainsheet of Dundee Sant C'hireg is connected to a large metal piece with a shackle.
On the yacht Cotton Blossom, the mainsheet, and those runners (from both sides bar) are attached to the deck through the pegs screwed into the bridge.

Here on the three-masted schooner Kathleen and May , hoist the mizzen listening includes a double block and two sheaves securely screwed into the bulwark rail.

But often, an iron hand fixed 2-point bridge or bulwarks provides this function.

This photo shows the arrangement of the iron hand of the ketch Jens Krogh , securely attached to the boom while at the rear of the boat. The shackle can slide along the metal rod, which can be regarded as a short bar listening.

This hand iron can exist in relatively small boats, like here on Paul-Emile .

This view from the back of Partridge shows the circuit's complex play, with a strong central hoist connected to the bridge by an iron hand.

The provision is comparable Tuiga ; notice the length of the frame of listening (part unused when the boom is in the axis) and is nestled between two pulleys hoist.

Above, detail of the iron hand of the mainsail of the schooner Eleonora .

on cruise ships and fast racing yachts, there is often a rail listening , on which the mainsheet can be moved: the sweet spot can be centered, or otherwise overwhelmed.

The bar listening to the 60 foot open BT the shape of a semicircle around the cockpit.

This photo shows a detail of the bar listening to the 60 foot open DCNS , 2 pulleys by which master is listening (yellow rope) can be moved on rail carriages through handled by bits gray.